Final Answer:
Children who suffer severe protein and calorie shortages at any age may experience stunted growth, a protuberant belly, and extreme apathy. This severe starvation syndrome is called kwashiorkor. Thus, the correct answer is b. kwashiorkor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition primarily caused by a deficiency of protein in the diet, often in conjunction with insufficient calorie intake. This condition is commonly observed in children, particularly in regions where access to adequate nutrition is limited.
The hallmark symptoms of kwashiorkor include stunted growth, where children fail to reach their expected height and exhibit a protruding belly due to fluid accumulation (edema) in the abdomen. This edema occurs as a result of decreased levels of proteins in the blood, leading to an imbalance in osmotic pressure and fluid retention in body tissues.
Moreover, children suffering from kwashiorkor often display extreme apathy, lethargy, and an overall lack of energy and enthusiasm due to the body's inability to obtain essential nutrients required for normal physiological functions. Other symptoms may include skin changes, hair discoloration, and susceptibility to infections due to weakened immunity.
Kwashiorkor can have severe and long-lasting effects on a child's growth, development, and overall health if not promptly treated. Treatment involves gradual reintroduction of a well-balanced diet with adequate protein and calories under medical supervision to reverse the effects of malnutrition and restore proper growth and health.
Early identification and intervention are crucial in managing and preventing the detrimental consequences of kwashiorkor in affected children.
Thus, the correct answer is b. kwashiorkor.