Final answer:
The subject of this question is History, which asks about the reaction of a group of people to social and cultural changes. The correct response to the question is Option 2: They struggled to preserve traditional values and resist the changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question falls under History. The question is asking about the reaction of a specific group of people in the context of social and cultural changes in different time periods. Based on the provided information, the correct option to describe their response would be Option 2: They struggled to preserve traditional values and resist the changes.