Final answer:
Union formation is influenced by prior perceptions and treatment of workers.
Step-by-step explanation:
One possible reason why the majority of union elections are won or lost by management before a union appears is that union formation is influenced by prior perceptions and treatment of workers. If employees have had negative experiences or perceive that management has treated them well, they may be less likely to support a union. Additionally, management often has more resources and power to communicate their position to employees, so they may be more successful in swaying the outcome of the election. Finally, some employees may prioritize company stability over union benefits, leading them to vote against the union.