Final answer:
Considering globalization, the impact on ethnocentrism has been varied, as globalization can both diminish and enhance cultural identities, leading to transformations rather than a uniform decline or increase in ethnocentric attitudes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Considering globalization, is ethnocentrism increasing or declining worldwide? The options given are a) Increasing b) Declining c) Unchanged d) Varied.
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's culture is superior to other cultures. With the advent of globalization, there has been a complex impact on ethnocentric attitudes. Some argue that as cultures integrate through international trade and communication, understanding and appreciation among different cultures increase, leading to a decline in ethnocentrism. On the contrary, globalization can also cause cultural homogenization, provoking a defensive ethnocentric response in some who wish to preserve their cultural uniqueness.
Researchers, including anthropologists, have found that instead of diminishing cultural identities, globalization can transform and even enhance them. This is evident in the way nations promote their distinct cultural and environmental aspects to attract global travelers seeking novel experiences. In this context, globalization does not necessarily lead to a universal monolithic culture, as feared in the 'McDonaldization' of society, but rather to varied and dynamic cultural expressions. Hence, the impact of globalization on ethnocentrism is complex and can be suggested to be VARIED rather than simply increasing or declining.