Final answer:
Groundwater pumping in Houston primarily results in land subsidence and does not directly increase river flow, enhance soil fertility, or reduce air pollution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The consequences of groundwater pumping in Houston include land subsidence, which is the gradual sinking of the land surface over a large area. This happens because as groundwater is extracted, the water table drops, sometimes significantly if pumping is extensive, causing the land above to settle. This can lead to structural damage to buildings and infrastructure, and increase flood risk in low-lying areas.
Groundwater pumping does not typically result in increased river flow, enhanced soil fertility, or reduced air pollution. In fact, excessive pumping can lead to decreased river flows, adversely affect soil properties, and has no direct relationship to air pollution.