Final answer:
While monitoring a client with hyperthyroidism on propylthiouracil, a nurse should look for signs of hypothyroidism and serious adverse effects like liver dysfunction and agranulocytosis, not urinary retention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse monitoring a client with hyperthyroidism who has a new prescription for propylthiouracil should be aware of the potential adverse effects of this medication. Propylthiouracil is an anti-thyroid drug that works by decreasing the production of thyroid hormones to mitigate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
The notable adverse effects to monitor would include symptoms of hypothyroidism such as abnormal weight gain, cold intolerance, and reduced mental activity, as these suggest the medication may be too effective and causing an underactive thyroid state. Additionally, the nurse should monitor for more serious side effects, such as liver dysfunction and agranulocytosis (a dangerous drop in white blood cell count), rather than urinary retention, which is not typically associated with propylthiouracil.