Final answer:
Italian Baroque architecture in Rome after 1600 is characterized by naturalism, dramatic intensity, and the incorporation of sculpture and painting into architectural elements. Baroque buildings differentiate from Renaissance buildings through the use of dramatic lighting, illusionistic effects, and dynamic movement. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were prominent Baroque architects in Rome known for their grandeur, dynamic movement, and innovative designs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Italian Baroque architecture developed in Rome after 1600 and is characterized by new explorations of naturalism, form, light and shadow, and dramatic intensity. Some key characteristics include the use of grandeur and spectacle, dynamic and theatrical effects, and the incorporation of sculpture and painting into architectural elements. Baroque buildings in Rome, such as the church of Santa Susanna, broke with previous conventions by adding complexity, movement, and ornamentation to the structure.
The visual and formal characteristics that differentiate Baroque from Renaissance buildings include the use of dramatic lighting, illusionistic effects, and dynamic movement. Baroque buildings often featured curved and undulating lines, ornate decoration, and the integration of different art forms. In contrast, Renaissance buildings were more symmetrical, balanced, and focused on mathematical proportions and harmony.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were two prominent architects of the Baroque period in Rome. Bernini's works, such as the colonnade in St. Peter's Square and the baldachin in St. Peter's Basilica, are characterized by their grandeur, dynamic movement, and detailed sculptural elements. Borromini's designs, such as San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, showcase his innovative use of different geometric shapes and complex spatial arrangements.