Final answer:
Telomerase genes are maintained because they prevent telomere shortening during cell division, protecting genetic information and cell viability. Despite its role in cancer, telomerase activity is crucial for maintaining chromosome integrity and preventing cellular dysfunctions such as chromosomal aberrations and apoptosis. Additionally, telomerase reactivation has shown potential in reversing age-related conditions and may be useful in regenerative medicine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genes coding for telomerase have been maintained in the human genome throughout evolution despite its inappropriate activation contributing to cancer because telomerase plays a crucial role in chromosome protection and cellular function. When cells divide, the telomeres, which are the repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, get shorter. Telomerase helps to maintain telomere length, thereby preventing the loss of important genetic information. Without sufficient telomere length, cells can experience a range of problems such as chromosomal aberrations, issues with chromosome segregation, and potentially, spontaneous apoptosis. Thus, it balances the risk of cancer with the essential function of preserving genetic integrity and cell viability over time. Moreover, research has indicated that reactivating telomerase can extend telomeres and reverse some age-related issues, suggesting potential in regenerative medicine and treating age-related diseases.