Final answer:
The desire to avoid failure is described as Avoidance motivation, which entails behaviors focused on steering clear of negative outcomes. This concept is distinct from the confidence in one's own abilities, known as self-efficacy, which influences a person's motivation to tackle challenging tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The desire to steer clear of failure is known as b) Avoidance motivation. Avoidance motivation is a type of behavior characterized by the desire to avoid negative outcomes or failures. Individuals motivated by avoidance may engage in certain behaviors to steer clear of potential problems or to shield themselves from possible failure or criticism. This contrasts with achievement motivation, which is driven by the desire to accomplish goals and succeed.
One's confidence in their own abilities is referred to as self-efficacy. Albert Bandura proposed that self-efficacy affects one's motivation and the likelihood to engage in challenging tasks. This sense of self-efficacy can support someone in taking on quests that are demanding and persist despite obstacles.