Final answer:
Jonathan being attacked because of his sexual orientation is an example of a hate crime, which is a violent act against someone based on personal characteristics like orientation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jonathan being publicly attacked because of his sexual orientation is an example of a hate crime. Hate crimes are acts of violence or hostility directed at a person because of who they are or who someone thinks they are. An example of this would be the cases of Brandon Teena and Matthew Shepard, whose murders increased awareness of hate crimes based on gender expression and sexual orientation. The motivation behind hate crimes can often be a rapid escalation of hostilities toward specific groups, such as the rise in violence against people of Asian descent following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. In 2009, the Matthew Shepard Act expanded federal hate crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's sexual orientation, among other characteristics.