Final answer:
Painful menstruation, also known as dysmenorrhea, can indeed be caused by excessive uterine contractions and endometrial shedding during a woman's menstrual cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
True: Painful menstruation can occur as a result of excessive uterine contractions and endometrial shedding. During the menstrual cycle, if fertilization does not occur, the endometrium that has built up is shed from the uterus.
This shedding is accompanied by uterine cramps and pain, which can be severe in some individuals due to myometrial hypoxia during the contractions. Furthermore, conditions such as endometriosis, where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, may exacerbate pelvic pain and can be linked with fertility issues.