Final answer:
The rising levels of oxytocin when a dog and human gaze at each other indicate a biological bond, which is a result of evolutionary connections and selective breeding practices for desirable traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a dog and a human's oxytocin levels rise when gazing at each other, we are witnessing a biological bond. This increase in oxytocin, often referred to as the 'love hormone,' is indicative of social attachment and bonding, highlighting the deep evolutionary connections between humans and dogs. Anthropological and animal behavior studies support the existence of this bond, showing our long history of empathic relationships with animals and the mutual benefits derived from these connections.
The case of the domestication of dogs is particularly telling of this bond. Early humans understood the importance of selective breeding to promote desirable traits, such as a calm temperament and an ability to bond with humans. Moreover, the aforementioned increase in oxytocin levels during such interactions furthers this connection, distinguishing it from mere respect or learned behavior. Adding to this understanding, research in neuroscience has identified mirror neurons and other mechanisms within the brain that underpin empathy and social attachment.
Thus, the correct answer to the question is b) A biological bond, as this response underscores the instinctive physiological changes that strengthen the relationship between a dog and a human.