Final answer:
Pyrosequencing uses labels A, T, C, and G for the nucleotide bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. It is a type of next generation sequencing that allows for the rapid sequencing of DNA by detecting the emitted light from each nucleotide's incorporation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Pyrosequencing
In the context of pyrosequencing, the correct labels for the chemical reactions that occur are represented by the four nucleotide bases: A, T, C, and G. These refer to Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine, respectively. The process of pyrosequencing involves adding one nucleotide at a time to a DNA strand and detecting the light emitted upon the incorporation of the nucleotide. This technology, a part of next generation sequencing, allows for rapid and accurate determination of the DNA sequence by monitoring the flash of light produced as a byproduct when a nucleotide is added during the DNA synthesis reaction.
Furthermore, Sanger sequencing, which was an earlier method for sequencing DNA, involved the use of four separate reactions with dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs), each labeled differently. These were added to tubes labeled with the letters corresponding to each nucleotide base: A (ddATP), T (ddTTP), C (ddCTP), and G (ddGTP). This allowed the determination of the DNA sequence from the resulting fragments after electrophoresis.
Pyrosequencing is a powerful tool that has been utilized extensively in molecular genetics. Coupled with sophisticated software, the sequencing enzymes and reactions in pyrosequencing have significantly advanced our ability to understand genetic material and have paved the way for widespread genomic analysis.