Final answer:
Reduced cognitive load is not typically noted as a correlate of working-memory capacity, but rather, it is a consequence of efficient working-memory function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking which of the following ways was not noted in the textbook as being correlated with working memory capacity. Based on the provided reference material, the options available are a) Academic achievement, b) Complex problem-solving, c) Reading comprehension, and d) Reduced cognitive load. According to the principles of working memory proposed by Baddeley and Hitch, and the evidence from empirical studies, the first three options (academic achievement, complex problem-solving, and reading comprehension) are well-established correlates of working memory capacity. However, the option 'reduced cognitive load' is not typically considered a correlate of working memory capacity, but rather a consequence of efficient working memory processes. Therefore, d) Reduced cognitive load would be the correct answer since it is not noted as being correlated with working memory capacity but is instead a result of optimally functioning cognitive systems.