Final answer:
The dual process approaches to persuasion involve both the central route, which requires an analytical and motivated audience, and the peripheral route, which relies on cues like celebrity endorsements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dual process approaches to persuasion are theories that describe the different ways in which people can be persuaded. These approaches include two routes: the central route and the peripheral route. The statements provided about the dual process approaches can be evaluated as follows:
- a) Dual process models focus only on emotions - This statement is not accurate. Dual process models consider both rational thought and emotional appeals in the persuasion process.
- b) They consider both conscious and unconscious processes - This statement is accurate. The models account for both deliberate, conscious thought and automatic, unconscious reactions.
- c) They exclude heuristic decision-making - This statement is not accurate. Heuristic processing, which involves mental shortcuts or rules of thumb, is a key component of the peripheral route to persuasion.
- d) They involve both systematic and heuristic processing - This statement is accurate. Systematic processing pertains to the central route, which involves careful and thoughtful consideration of information, while heuristic processing relates to the peripheral route, which involves simpler, cue-based reasoning.