Final answer:
The forces contributing to greater integration in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas from 1000 to 1300 were cultural exchange and trade, which fostered unity and economic prosperity. Arab and Bantu migrations, as well as the establishment of colonial societies, played significant roles in shaping the social and economic landscape of the regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The greater integration in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas from 1000 to 1300 can be attributed to cultural exchange and trade as well as religious conversions and migrations. While Arab invasions and Bantu migrations played crucial roles, it was the economic activities—especially the trade in gold, salt, and slaves—that most significantly united the African continent. Berber and Arab merchants, as well as European explorers and merchants, were drawn to Africa by the lucrative trade opportunities, aiding in both wealth accumulation and the fostering of diplomatic relations.
The rise of colonial societies in the Americas signified the intersection of Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans, bringing forth a complex web of social, cultural, and religious exchanges. The overarching impacts of these dynamics, particularly evident through the devastative transatlantic slave trade, resonate even into the present day. In both Africa and the Americas, trade and movements of people were pivotal forces that shaped societies and their relationships with one another.