Question

Drag the μscles to their respective locations (bins) to describe whether they contract during quiet or deep inspiration or quiet or forced expiration.

a) Interactive response
b) μscle contraction during deep inspiration
c) μscle contraction during quiet expiration
d) μscle relaxation during forced expiration

Answer 1

In breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract during quiet inspiration, and relax during quiet expiration. During forced expiration, accessories like the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles contract. Deep inspiration is facilitated by a strong contraction of the diaphragm, sometimes aided by neck muscles like the scalenes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The process of breathing involves various muscles that contract and relax to facilitate inspiration and expiration. During quiet breathing or quiet inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract. For deep inspiration, which is also known as diaphragmatic breathing, the diaphragm contracts significantly more. In contrast, quiet expiration is primarily a passive process where these muscles relax and air leaves the lungs due to recoil of the lungs and thoracic wall.

During forced expiration, such as during exercise, additional muscles come into play. Accessory muscles, including the abdominal muscles like the obliques and the internal intercostals, contract to forcefully expel air from the lungs. Forced inspiration requires the contraction of accessory muscles such as the scalenes in the neck to lift the thoracic wall, thus increasing lung volume even more than during quiet breathing.

Overall, the diaphragm and external intercostals are pivotal during normal breathing, whereas additional accessory muscles are recruited to further manipulate breathing during more strenuous activities.

Answer 2

During deep inspiration, the diaphragm and neck muscles contract. During quiet expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax. During forced expiration, the accessory muscles of the abdomen contract.

Step-by-step explanation:

The muscles that contract during each phase of respiration are as follows:

• Interactive response: This is not a muscle contraction. It refers to the involvement of the individual in actively participating in the breathing process.

• Muscle contraction during deep inspiration: The diaphragm and muscles of the neck, such as the scalenes, contract during deep inspiration to increase lung volume.
• Muscle contraction during quiet expiration: During quiet expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
• Muscle relaxation during forced expiration: During forced expiration, the accessory muscles of the abdomen, such as the obliques, contract to push the diaphragm further into the thorax, while the internal intercostal muscles help compress the rib cage.