Final answer:
Without specific details of the study, one can assume the independent variable might be the attributes of the persons in the photos or the gender of the viewers, and the dependent variable would be the ratings given by men and women to those photos.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify the independent and dependent variables in the final study discussed, recall that an independent variable is the factor being manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured. In the context of the study where men and women were asked to view photos and rate the person in the photo, we would need to know the specific details of the study to accurately identify these variables.
However, based on common research designs, a possible independent variable could be the attributes of the persons in the photos (e.g. gender, expression, attire), since these attributes can be systematically varied by the researchers. The dependent variable would likely be the ratings given by the men and women, as this is what is being measured and is expected to change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable.
If the focus of the study was to examine the effect of the viewers' gender on the ratings, then the independent variable would be the gender of the viewers (men or women), and the dependent variable would be the ratings of the persons in the photos.