Final answer:
The viewpoint of development that means being shaped by but not influencing the surrounding environment is passive. In the context of development, a passive viewpoint suggests that individuals are influenced by their environments (nurture) and genetics (nature) but do not actively shape these factors in return. This perspective contrasts with active models where individuals play a role in shaping their own development through their interactions and choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The viewpoint of development that means being shaped by but not influencing the surrounding environment is passive. This means that an individual's development is primarily influenced by external factors, such as genetics and the environment, without actively shaping or influencing the surrounding environment. An example of this is the way genetic traits can be passed down from parents to children without the children actively influencing their genetic makeup.