Final answer:
The United States and Canada screen for PKU through newborn screening programs. Infants are tested at birth and, if PKU is detected, further testing is done.
Step-by-step explanation:
The United States and Canada try to screen for those with PKU through newborn screening programs. Every infant in both countries is tested at birth to determine whether PKU is present. This screening involves taking a blood sample from the baby's heel and analyzing it for the presence of phenylalanine. If elevated levels of phenylalanine are detected, further testing is done to confirm the diagnosis.
The earlier a modified diet is begun, the less severe the symptoms of PKU will be. Individuals with PKU must carefully follow a strict diet that is low in phenylalanine to avoid symptoms and damage. This means avoiding foods and drinks that are high in phenylalanine, such as artificial sweeteners and certain animal products and starches. Regular monitoring of phenylalanine levels is also important to ensure that the diet is being followed effectively.