Final answer:
Differential reinforcement is effective in dealing with problem behavior in children by positively rewarding good behavior instead of punishing bad behavior. Time-out can also be used to decrease undesired behavior by temporarily removing the child from a pleasant situation. Consistency and significance of reinforcement are key to successful behavior modification.
Step-by-step explanation:
Problem behavior in children can usually be dealt with effectively through differential reinforcement. This involves catching a child demonstrating good behavior and rewarding them for it, rather than focusing on punishing bad behavior. For example, when a child cleans up their toys without being asked, they might be rewarded with extra playtime or a special treat. This not only encourages the preferred behavior but does so in a way that is likely to be more agreeable to the child and more sustainable over time. Another technique for modifying behavior is the use of time-out as a form of negative punishment. When a child exhibits an undesirable behavior, such as aggressiveness, they are removed from a desirable activity for a short period. This removal is intended to decrease the likelihood of the unwanted behavior recurring. It is crucial for the reinforcement to be meaningful to the child and applied consistently, in order for behavior modification to take effect. Additionally, it's generally advised to avoid physical punishment, as it can lead to fear, aggression, and antisocial behavior.