Final answer:
The assertion commits a Division fallacy by attributing the birthplace of individual members (Norway) to the entire Viking society, ignoring the broader Scandinavian origins and diverse activities of the Vikings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's assertion that 'Every member of the Viking society was born in Norway. Therefore, the Viking society was born in Norway' is an example of a Division fallacy. This fallacy occurs when one assumes that what is true for a whole must also be true for the parts of the whole, or conversely, which in this case is implied - that a trait of individual members of a group can be attributed to the group as a whole.
The Viking civilization originated in the Scandinavian countries, not just Norway, and included Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes, who engaged in activities like raiding, trading, and establishing settlements across various regions. They reached far beyond Norway, affecting places as distant as North America and the founding states of Russia, due to their remarkable seafaring abilities and driven by various factors, including trade and territorial expansion.