Final answer:
Observational learning is influenced by model characteristics such as Confidence, Similarity, Consistency, and Attention, as well as the observer's level of self-efficacy and the principles of reciprocal determinism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four other model characteristics that could impact observational learning are Confidence, Similarity, Consistency, and Attention. These characteristics influence how an individual perceives and imitates the behavior of a model. Confidence pertains to the model's belief in their own abilities, which can enhance the observer's trust in imitating the behavior. Similarity suggests that observers are more likely to imitate models they perceive as similar to themselves. Consistency refers to the predictability of a model's behavior, making it more likely for observers to pay attention and learn. Finally, Attention indicates that the observer must focus on the model's behavior to retain and replicate it.
The concept of self-efficacy also plays a significant role in observational learning. It refers to our level of confidence in our own abilities, which is shaped through social experiences. Self-efficacy affects which behaviors we select to imitate and our effectiveness in performing those behaviors.
In the context of Bandura's theory, reciprocal determinism illustrates how personal factors and environmental events interact and influence observational learning. Personal attitudes toward actions like boasting, and the perceived reinforcement or punishment of the model's behavior, determine the likelihood of an observer imitating such actions.