Question

What kind(s) of intermolecular forces exist in CH₃OH(l)? (select all that apply.)

a. dipole-dipole interactions
b. hydrogen bonding
c. dispersion forces

Answer 1

The intermolecular forces in CH3OH(l) are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.

Step-by-step explanation:

The intermolecular forces present in CH3OH(l) are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.

Dipole-dipole interactions occur when the positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of another molecule. In CH3OH(l), the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the carbon and hydrogen atoms, creating a polar molecule. The dipole-dipole interactions arise between the partially negative oxygen atom of one CH3OH molecule and the partially positive hydrogen atom of another CH3OH molecule.

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) interacts with an electronegative atom in another molecule. In CH3OH(l), the hydrogen atom bonded to the oxygen atom can form hydrogen bonds with other oxygen atoms.

Dispersion forces occur between all atoms or molecules due to temporary shifts in electron density. In CH3OH(l), dispersion forces exist between the carbon and hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the carbon and hydrogen atoms of neighboring molecules.