Final answer:
Race-based slavery developed in the 13 English colonies during the late 1600s and 1700s, impacting their social and economic development.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the late 1600s and 1700s, race-based slavery developed in the 13 English colonies in North America. Initially, European and African indentured servants were used for labor, but over time, the reliance on enslaved Africans increased. This transition from indentured servitude to chattel slavery was driven by the demand for labor to grow cash crops such as tobacco and sugar. Slavery had a significant impact on the social and economic development of English colonial America, as it created an economic aristocracy and a political ruling class that benefited from the wealth produced by African and African-American slaves.