Final answer:
The correct order for the cellular structures involved in the production and secretion of a protein is nucleus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicle, plasma membrane (option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the production and secretion of a protein, several cellular structures are involved in a specific sequence. The correct order of these structures is as follows:
- The nucleus is where the DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA).
- Then, mRNA is transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
- These proteins are often synthesized into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) where they undergo initial modification and folding.
- Proteins are then packaged into transport vesicles that bud off from the RER and move to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting.
- Finally, the processed proteins are packed into Golgi vesicles (transport vesicles), which then fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete the protein outside the cell or deliver them to their correct location within the cell.
Hence, the correct order of cellular structures involved in the production and secretion of a protein is: nucleus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicle, plasma membrane. This corresponds to option b from the provided choices.