Final answer:
Abnormal spirometry readings indicate potential lung function issues, with different patterns suggesting obstructive or restrictive lung diseases. Spirometry measures include FEV and FVC, which help doctors diagnose respiratory diseases like asthma and pulmonary fibrosis and monitor treatment effectiveness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abnormal spirometry readings suggest that there may be a problem with lung function. Spirometry is a method used to measure lung volumes and the rate at which air can be inhaled and exhaled from the lungs, aiding in the diagnosis of various respiratory diseases. The measurements often focus on Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), both of which are critical in evaluating a patient's respiratory health.
For instance, a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio indicates an obstructive lung disease like asthma, where there is resistance to airflow during exhalation. Alternatively, an elevated FEV1/FVC ratio may point to a restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis, where the lungs are stiff and the total lung capacity is reduced. By carefully analyzing spirometry results, physicians can diagnose conditions such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and other pulmonary disorders, and also monitor the effectiveness of treatment strategies.