Final answer:
The correct term for newborns born after 42 weeks with effects of placental insufficiency is Postterm infants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used for newborns born after 42 weeks with effects of placental insufficiency is Postterm infants (A). Postterm infants are those born after the completion of week 42 of gestation. These infants have experienced an extended period in the uterus, which can sometimes be associated with complications such as placental insufficiency, leading to potential risks for the infant such as low birth weight and the need for immediate medical attention after birth.