Final answer:
A permanent concentration of a relatively large number of people engaged in mainly non-farming activities is called a city. Urbanization refers to the shift from rural to urban living, with economies of agglomeration driving this transition by offering cost and time savings. The trend towards increased urban population is global, with 80% of the US population living in metropolitan areas.
Therefore, option 3 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a permanent concentration of a relatively large number of people who are engaged in mainly non-farming activities is a city. Unlike a village, town, or suburb, a city is a large urban area known for its high population density, ample economic opportunities, and diverse non-agricultural activities. Urbanization is the process whereby more people live in urban areas like cities, as opposed to rural areas.
In the United States, this trend can be observed with about 80% of the population living in metropolitan areas, including cities and their surrounding suburbs, a significant increase from 40% in 1900. This shift is reflective of the economies of agglomeration, which highlight the efficiency and cost-savings of living in densely populated areas due to the reduced cost of transportation and the shared infrastructure costs.
However, for less developed countries, managing the growth of cities is a major challenge. For example, in many countries in Africa, only about 30% of the population currently lives in urban areas, but this figure is expected to rise as those economies grow.