Final answer:
LPNs can generally administer vaccines under a nursing protocol, subject to state regulations and under proper supervision. Health-care providers have a role in promoting universal vaccination, but this raises ethical questions regarding persuasion and service refusal to unvaccinated patients. The use of checklists, such as those proposed by Dr. Pronovost for ICU doctors, has been beneficial in improving patient safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
Whether a licensed practical nurse (LPN) can administer immunizations using a nursing protocol depends on the specific regulations in place where the LPN is practicing. Each state has its own laws and regulations regarding the scope of practice for LPNs. Broadly speaking, LPNs can often administer vaccinations under the guidance of a nursing protocol, but they must do so under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN) or a physician. The protocol typically outlines the specific circumstances under which vaccines can be administered, including dosage, age of patient, and any necessary follow-up care or observations.
Regarding the role of health-care providers in promoting universal vaccination, it is often regarded as part of their duty to provide evidence-based information to patients and to advocate for practices that promote public health, which includes vaccinations. However, this can raise ethical questions, such as whether health-care workers should persuade parents to vaccinate their children, or if they have the right to refuse service to unvaccinated patients. These ethical dilemmas extend to whether insurance companies should have the ability to deny coverage based on vaccination status.
Using checklists in medical practice, inspired by the safety procedures of airplane pilots, has been shown to improve patient safety and treatment outcomes. A notable example is Dr. Pronovost's checklist for ICU doctors, which highlights the importance of standard procedures and nurse oversight to ensure no steps are skipped during critical medical interventions.