Final answer:
Global tracking uses 406.025 MHz for satellite communication with an average accuracy of 2-5 km. Frequencies are chosen based on minimal absorption by common materials, and GPS accuracy is highly reliant on synchronized satellite timings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tracking on a global scale often employs the use of satellites and radio frequencies. One particular frequency used for emergency beacon tracking is 406.025 MHz. Devices functioning on this frequency operate with line-of-sight to the satellite, which is necessary for direction-finding (DF) equipment to pinpoint locations. The accuracy of this tracking is typically within 2 to 5 kilometers (1.24 to 3.1 nautical miles). The choice of frequencies like 406.025 MHz is influenced by the way these radio waves interact with common building materials, as they tend not to be absorbed much, enabling more effective communication between the device and the satellites.
Other technologies also use specific frequencies within the radio-wave spectrum such as 4G cellular signals around 880 MHz, GPS at 1.228 and 1.575 GHz, Wi-Fi at 2.4 to 5 GHz, and highway toll sensors at 5.8 GHz. Each frequency range is chosen for its effectiveness in its intended application and its ability to minimize absorption by obstacles like buildings. Certain technologies, like GPS, rely on the precision of signals and clocks on satellites, factoring in relativistic effects to ensure accuracy to within a few feet.