Final answer:
The widespread presence of the EPAS1 gene mutation in Tibetans is a result of natural selection, as this genetic variation provided an advantageous trait for survival at high altitudes. Modern technology, such as DNA sequencing, enables the detection and study of these genetic mutations, furthering our understanding of human adaptation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The EPAS1 gene mutation that became widespread in the Tibetan population can be attributed to natural selection. Because the allele (gene variant) afforded a survival advantage in the low-oxygen environment of high altitudes, individuals with this mutation were more likely to survive and reproduce, thereby passing the beneficial trait to their offspring. Over time, this led to the spread of the altered gene throughout the population.
Modern technology has significantly advanced our abilities to detect and understand such genetic differences. Techniques such as DNA sequencing, gene cloning, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled scientists to identify and compare genetic variations like the EPAS1 mutation. By studying genetic samples from various populations, researchers can trace the prevalence and distribution of specific genes linked to environmental adaptability.
The EPAS1 gene, specifically, is associated with the ability to maintain stable levels of hemoglobin and efficient oxygen usage at high altitudes, where oxygen concentrations are low, without producing excess red blood cells, which can be harmful. This adaptation has allowed Tibetans to thrive in their high-elevation environment.