Final answer:
The correct statement that describes the most common flow of information in the central dogma of molecular genetics is DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into protein. Transcription and translation are the sequential processes that lead to protein synthesis based on the genetic code.
So, the correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central dogma of molecular genetics is correctly described by the flow from DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA, and then translated into protein. This flow is essential for the expression of genes and functioning of every living cell. The process starts with transcription, where a gene on the DNA sequence is copied to form mRNA. This mRNA then travels to a ribosome, where translation occurs, and the information on the mRNA is used as a template to assemble the appropriate sequence of amino acids into a protein.
The genetic information stored in DNA's sequence is thus first transcribed to mRNA, forming a complementary strand that carries the genetic message. This message is then decoded during translation to construct a protein with a specific sequence of amino acids. Each set of three nucleotides on the mRNA, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid.
So, the correct answer is option 1.
Complete question:
Which of the following statements correctly describes the most common flow of information in the central dogma of molecular genetics?
- -DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into protein.
- -DNA is translated into mRNA, which is transcribed into protein.
- -mRNA is translated into protein, which is transcribed into DNA.
- -mRNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into protein.
- -protein is translated into mRNA, which is transcribed into DNA.