Final answer:
The President can appoint Supreme Court Justices, Cabinet Members, and a Vice President, if the office is vacant, all subject to Senate confirmation. However, the President does not appoint positions like the US Capitol Janitor, as these do not generally fall under presidential appointment powers. The correct option is US Capital Janitor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Presidential Appointment Powers
The President of the United States has the authority to appoint various positions within the federal government, including Supreme Court Justices, Cabinet Members, and other key officials. The constitution grants the President this power, especially under Article II, Section 2, which details the process for nominating and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, appointing Judges of the Supreme Court. However, positions such as the 'US Capitol Janitor' would be considered 'inferior officers' or regular federal employees, not typically subject to presidential appointment or Senate confirmation.
Should the Office of the Vice President become vacant, the President may nominate a successor, whom the Senate must also approve. This process was established by the Twenty-fifth Amendment to ensure continuity of government. While the President wields significant influence over the federal judiciary and major appointments within the Executive Office, appointment powers do not generally extend to roles that do not influence key components of federal operations or national policy.