Final answer:
Neptune is the planet located farthest from the Sun among the options provided. It is 30 AU away and takes 165 years to complete one orbit around the Sun. Neptune's composition and atmospheric conditions are influenced by its great distance and lengthy orbital period.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the four giant planets listed — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune — Neptune is located farthest from the Sun. Jupiter is the closest of the four to the Sun, orbiting at a distance of about 5 astronomical units (AU), followed by Saturn at nearly 10 AU, Uranus at 19 AU, and finally, Neptune at 30 AU. Since 1 AU is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun, these distances can be understood as multiples of the Earth-Sun distance. The orbits of these planets take significantly long periods, with Neptune taking the longest at 165 years to complete one orbit around the Sun, which makes it the furthest giant planet from the Sun in our solar system.
Moreover, Neptune's large distance from the Sun and its slow orbit contribute to its cold environment and the presence of a thick atmosphere comprising mainly hydrogen and helium, with traces of methane giving it a distinct blue color. Its composition and distance from the Sun make Neptune a fascinating subject of study, especially considering its dynamic weather patterns, including high-speed winds and large storms like the Great Dark Spot.
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