Final answer:
Primatology research indicates that primates display both affiliative and aggressive behaviors as part of their complex social organization. Affiliative behaviors are often related to cooperation and social bonding, while aggressive behaviors involve displays of dominance but tend to avoid physical harm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to examining primate behavior to determine whether it is affiliative behavior or aggressive behavior. Evidence from studies in primatology suggests that primates engage in a complex social organization where both cooperative and competitive behaviors are present. For instance, female primates actively select mates and may prefer to mate with male 'friends' rather than aggressive or dominant males. This implies that in some cases, friendliness can be a more advantageous reproductive strategy than aggression. Aggressive behaviors in primates may involve displays such as chest beating or ground pounding, but actual physical attacks are less common since they can lead to injury or death. On the other hand, affiliative behaviors like grooming, embracing, and lip contact are essential for social bonding and communication among primates.