Final answer:
The interest expense recorded at December 31, 2023 is $53,000.
Step-by-step explanation:
When calculating the interest expense recorded at December 31, 2023, we need to consider the bond discount and the number of interest payments remaining.
In this case, Cubs Corporation issued $510,000 12% bonds at a discount of $41,000 ($510,000 - $469,000). The bond discount is spread over the life of the bond using the straight-line method. Since the bonds have a 5-year term, the annual amortization of the bond discount would be $41,000 / 5 = $8,200.
Therefore, the interest expense recorded at December 31, 2023 would be the annual interest payment of $510,000 * 12% = $61,200, minus the amortized bond discount of $8,200, which equals $53,000.