Final answer:
a. The new balanced equation for the mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction is Isocitrate + NAD+ → α-Ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+. b. The mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase results in the production of hydrogen gas instead of NADH, which has a negative effect on ATP production from one glucose molecule. c. The mutation in nucleoside diphosphate kinase does not directly affect ATP production in glycolysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. The balanced equation for the new reaction can be written as:
Isocitrate {IDH with mutated form} + NAD+ → α-Ketoglutarate {IDH with mutated form} + CO2 + NADH + H+
b. The mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme results in the production of hydrogen gas instead of NADH. This means that the mutated reaction does not generate NADH, which is a crucial molecule for producing ATP. Therefore, this mutation will have a negative effect on the amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule.
c. The mutation in the nucleoside diphosphate kinase enzyme that regenerates GDP without generating ATP will not directly affect the amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule in glycolysis. The primary source of ATP production in glycolysis is through substrate-level phosphorylation, where ATP is directly synthesized during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The mutation in nucleoside diphosphate kinase affects the regeneration of GDP, which is involved in other metabolic processes and not directly involved in ATP production in glycolysis.