Final answer:
The abrasive agent commonly used in prophy paste is calcium carbonate because it effectively removes stains and prevents tartar buildup. Other abrasives in toothpaste include aluminum hydroxide and silica, while fluoride is a key active ingredient for cavity prevention and enamel remineralization, but not as an abrasive.
So, the correct answer is option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common abrasive agent used in prophy paste is calcium carbonate. This is due to its effectiveness as a polishing agent that helps remove stains and prevents the accumulation of tartar. Abrasives are a key component in toothpaste formulations, typically constituting at least 50% of the product. They function by helping to remove plaque from the teeth, which is essential for minimizing cavities and periodontal disease, although the exact clinical significance of abrasives in oral health maintenance is debated. Other common abrasives found in toothpaste include aluminum hydroxide, silica, and various calcium phosphates.
It is worth noting that while fluoride is a crucial active ingredient in toothpaste for preventing cavities and enhancing the remineralization of tooth enamel, it is not used primarily for its abrasive properties. Instead, fluoride functions by becoming incorporated into the tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from oral bacteria, and having bacteriostatic effects that impede bacterial metabolism.
So, the correct answer is option 2.