Final answer:
The leader of India's independence movement was Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, who advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience and led the Indian National Congress to oppose British rule, resulting in India's independence in 1947. The correct answer is 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The leader of India's independence movement was Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi. Gandhi was a highly influential figure who adopted and fervently promoted nonviolent civil disobedience as a method of opposing British rule in India.
He assumed leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, a transformative moment when the party began to truly resonate with the masses. Throughout his struggle for independence, Gandhi prioritized preserving India's heritage and traditions in the face of increasing industrialization and modernization.
He employed various methods of peaceful protest, such as fasting and the famous "Quit India" movement in 1942, which, after his, and his fellow leaders' efforts, eventually led to India's independence from British rule in 1947.
Despite the success of the movement, the path to independence was fraught with challenges, including religious divisions and the eventual partitioning of India into two countries: Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. Hence the correct option is 2.