Final answer:
Athens, the capital of Greece, is named after the goddess Athena. She won the city's patronage over Poseidon by gifting the olive tree, and the Acropolis and Parthenon are among Athens' significant sites dedicated to her.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital of Greece is Athens, and it is named after the goddess Athena. Athena is associated with wisdom and war, and she represents intelligence in crafting and strategy. According to myth, Athena and Poseidon competed for the patronage of the city by bestowing gifts upon its people. Athena's gift, the olive tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity, was chosen over Poseidon's gift of salt water, leading to Athena becoming the patron deity of the city. Athens is also renowned for its significant historical sites such as the Acropolis and the Parthenon, dedicated to Athena Parthenos, which reflects the city's ancient democratic heritage and devotion to the goddess.
Therefore, the capital of Greece is Athens, and it is named after the goddess Athena.