Answer:
In the mid-19th century, there was a convergence of disorderly movements, anti-intellectualism, and racist attitudes, making the statement true.
Option (a) is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the mid-19th century, societal attitudes were characterized by a complex interplay of perceptions of disorderly movements, anti-intellectualism, and racism.
This era witnessed significant social, political, and cultural changes, and various movements emerged challenging established norms.
The perception of disorderly movements often stemmed from a resistance to societal shifts and the fear of losing traditional values. Concurrently, anti-intellectual sentiments were present, reflecting a distrust or rejection of intellectual and academic pursuits, which were sometimes associated with the challenging of existing power structures.
Racism further complicated this landscape, with discriminatory beliefs influencing social dynamics.
Racial biases were pervasive, impacting policies and social interactions.
Together, these elements created a turbulent environment where societal norms were contested, and prejudices influenced perceptions.
This complex historical context shaped the dynamics of the mid-19th century, underscoring the need to understand the interconnected nature of disorderly movements, anti-intellectualism, and racism during this period.
Thus,
Option (a) is true.