Final answer:
The amphibious archenteron is the embryonic precursor to the gut, being a primitive cavity that develops into the alimentary canal. In contrast, the mature gut is a fully formed digestive tract with specialized cells for absorption and secretion, like enterocytes and goblet cells. The transition from archenteron to gut involves differentiation and development of cells and tissues originally from embryonic germ layers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cellular anatomical difference between an amphibious archenteron and a gut refers to their respective structures and functions during embryonic development. The archenteron is the primitive gut formed during the process of gastrulation, a cavity within the gastrula that eventually develops into the alimentary canal. Its formation is accompanied by the differentiation of embryo germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, depending on the organism's complexity. On the other hand, the mature gut refers to the fully developed digestive tract lined by tissues originated from the embryonic germ layers, complete with specialized cells for absorption and secretion, like enterocytes and goblet cells within the intestinal walls. While the archenteron is an embryonic precursor to the gut, the gut itself is differentiated to facilitate specific functions in digestion and nutrient absorption.