Final Answer:
The equations that represent linear relationships are 5 + 2y = 13 and x = -4.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify linear relationships, we need to look for equations that, when simplified, have variables raised to the power of 1 and do not involve any other powers.
a) 5 + 2y = 13 is a linear equation. When solved for y, it simplifies to y = 4, indicating a linear relationship where y is directly proportional to a constant.
b) y = x² + 7 is not a linear equation because of the x² term. The presence of a squared term makes it a quadratic equation, indicating a non-linear relationship.
c) y - 5 = 2(x - 1) is a linear equation. When expanded and simplified, it becomes y = 2x - 3, showing a linear relationship between x and y.
d) N = x + 7 is a linear equation. When solved for x, it simplifies to x = N - 7, representing a linear relationship between N and x.
e) x = -4 is a linear equation, representing a vertical line passing through the point (-4, 0). It is a direct relationship where x is fixed at -4.
Understanding the characteristics of linear equations, such as having variables raised to the power of 1 and not involving other powers, is essential for recognizing and interpreting linear relationships in mathematical expressions. In this case, the selected equations 5 + 2y = 13 and x = -4 meet these criteria, confirming their linearity.