During the second half of the nineteenth century, colonial powers used various means to conquer and establish colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. They expropriated land, exploited raw materials, and utilized native labor.
The ways of conquering in the second chapter of Colonialism can be understood by examining the motives and means of imperialism during the second half of the nineteenth century. European powers, such as Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and the United States, sought to establish colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific to access inexpensive raw materials and establish control over lands for resources, markets, and harbors. The methods used by colonial powers included expropriating land from indigenous peoples, exploiting raw materials, and using native labor.