Acids and bases can be differentiated primarily based on their pH values. PH is a degree of the acidity or basicity of a substance. The pH scale degrees from 0 to 14, with 7 being considered impartial. Acids have pH values underneath 7, at the same time as bases have pH values above 7.
Acids:
- Acids have pH values much less than 7.
- They release hydrogen ions (H+) while dissolved in water.
- Examples of acids consist of hydrochloric acid (pH 1), sulfuric acid (pH 2), and citric acid (pH 3).
Bases:
- Bases have pH values extra than 7.
- They release hydroxide ions (OH-) whilst dissolved in water.
- Examples of bases encompass sodium hydroxide (pH 14), ammonia (pH 11), and sodium bicarbonate (pH eight).
It's essential to observe that the pH scale is logarithmic, that means that every unit represents a tenfold distinction in acidity or basicity. Therefore, a substance with a pH of 3 is ten times greater acidic than a substance with a pH of four, and a substance with a pH of 10 is ten times more simple than a substance with a pH of 9.