A changes and8. The graph of y = cos z is transformed to y = a cos (2-c) + d by a vertical expansion by a factor of 2, then translated units right and 2 units up.The new equation is:y=2 cos (x + 5) - 2y= 2 cos (x - 1) +2y= {cos (x - 1) + 2y=2 cos ( - ) - 2