Final answer:
The Empires of West Africa - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - existed during the medieval period from the 9th to the 16th centuries. Each empire had its own distinct characteristics and contributions, such as the control over trade routes, the gold trade, and centers of learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Empires of West Africa - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - existed during the medieval period from approximately the 9th to the 16th centuries. Each empire had its own distinct characteristics and contributions to the region.
Ghana Empire (c. 700-1240): Located in present-day Mauritania and Mali, the Ghana Empire was known for its control over the trans-Saharan trade routes, particularly in gold and salt. It had a centralized government with a powerful king and prospered through taxation on trade.
Mali Empire (c. 1235-1670): The Mali Empire was led by the famous King Sundiata Keita and reached its peak under Mansa Musa. Mali was renowned for its control over the gold trade and Timbuktu, a center of learning and trade. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca brought Mali global recognition.
Songhai Empire (c. 1340-1591): The Songhai Empire emerged after the decline of Mali and extended its reach along the Niger River. Led by powerful rulers like Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad, Songhai became a major trading power and a center of learning.
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