Final answer:
Four factors that contributed to Egyptian nationalism are nationalism in response to European imperialism, the rise of Egyptian intellectuals, cultural and historical heritage, and anti-colonial movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four things that contributed to Egyptian nationalism include:
- Nationalism in response to European imperialism: The colonization and control of Egypt by European powers, such as Britain and France, sparked a sense of national pride and resistance among Egyptians.
- The rise of Egyptian intellectuals: Intellectuals like Ahmed Orabi and Mustafa Kamal played key roles in promoting Egyptian nationalism by advocating for independence, political reforms, and a sense of national identity.
- Cultural and historical heritage: Ancient Egyptian civilization and its monuments, such as the pyramids and temples, served as symbols of national pride and unity, fostering a shared sense of identity among Egyptians.
- Anti-colonial movements: Movements like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Wafd Party emerged as political forces advocating for Egyptian independence and representing the aspirations of the Egyptian people.
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