Final answer:
Police dogs are engaged in operant conditioning, which involves strengthening behavior through positive reinforcement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Police dogs are engaged in a type of learning called operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it. In this case, the police dogs are rewarded with a treat when they correctly identify explosive materials and narcotics by smell. The reward serves as a positive reinforcement and encourages the dogs to continue their behavior of identifying these substances.
Learn more about Police dogs and operant conditioning